Mahidol University's Institutional Repository

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Recent Submissions

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Physio-biochemical and anatomical responses of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotype during the vegetative stage under drought stress
(2025-01-01) Sutthachai S.; Trunjaruen A.; Mahatthanaphatcharakun P.; Taratima W.; Sutthachai S.; Mahidol University
Upland rice cultivation in highland regions is often challenged by drought, leading to poor seedling growth and low productivity. This study aimed to investigate the physiological, biochemical, and anatomical responses of the Thai rice landrace Nhonkhab under drought and rewatering conditions. After germination, 28-day-old Nhonkhab rice seedlings were deprived of water for 7 days (35 days old) and then rewatered for 5 days (40 days old). Growth, physiological, biochemical and anatomical characteristics of the 35 and 40-day-old seedlings were evaluated. Results showed that drought stress significantly reduced relative water content (RWC) (-36.38%) but was rapidly restored after rewatering (+12.15%) when compared to the control. After drought stress treatment, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) percentage increased (+150% and +59.37%, respectively), indicating oxidative stress and membrane damage. Growth and developmental adaptations, such as elongated roots and curled leaves, facilitated survival during drought, with leaves unfurling post-rewatering. Following rewatering, rice plants exhibited robust recovery, supported by internal structural adaptations such as increasing stomatal density, thickening of the cuticle layer around the midrib and leaf blades, increasing bulliform cells number and size, and modifications in vascular bundles. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed distinct patterns in growth, physiological, and anatomical traits across control and treatment groups. These findings provide valuable insights for rice production planning in drought- prone highlands and for selecting or breeding drought-resistant cultivars with improved resilience and productivity.
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Carbohydrate-Rich Fraction of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Extract Mitigates Bone Loss and Improves Metabolic Disturbance in Estrogen-Deficient Rats
(2025-08-01) Suntornsaratoon P.; Bulanawichit W.; Chimlek W.; Saeten W.; Sorndech W.; Sumsakul W.; Malaivijitnond S.; Saengsirisuwan V.; Krishnamra N.; Charoenphandhu N.; Suntornsaratoon P.; Mahidol University
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., (AE) herb has been shown to have osteogenic, anti-diabetic, and prebiotic activities in animal and human studies. Postmenopausal women generally exhibit massive bone loss, impaired intestinal calcium absorption, obesity-related insulin resistance, and fat accumulation in the liver. It was possible that the AE herb may have a potential as a remedy for bone and metabolic disturbances associated with estrogen deficiency. Sham and ovariectomized rats were divided into 2 subgroups, that is, receiving daily administration of distilled water or 50 or 100 mg/kg of AE via either oral administration (p.o.) or intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for 8 and 12 weeks. Nine weeks after ovariectomy, rats developed metabolic disturbances, as evidenced by obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and high serum cholesterol levels. AE supplementation, either by p.o. or i.p., alleviated metabolic aberrations by improving glucose tolerance, reducing body weight, and decreasing fat deposition by increasing serum insulin levels. Furthermore, AE supplementation restored ovariectomy-associated calcium malabsorption to that of sham. At week 12 post-ovariectomy, massive bone loss was observed at trabecular-rich regions. Daily AE supplementation at 50 mg/kg for 12 weeks, but not 8 weeks, significantly increased BMD and BMC compared with those of sham. Additionally, AE enhanced bone formation and suppressed bone resorption, as shown by bone histomorphometry and serum bone turnover markers. These findings clearly demonstrated the anti-diabetic and osteogenic properties of Aloe vera extract in ovariectomized rats. Thus, Aloe vera had a potential as a nutraceutical candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis and metabolic disturbances associated with estrogen deficiency.
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Piperine Enhances Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Mitigate Stress in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells
(2025-07-01) Saikachain N.; Charoensawat P.; Tuntoolavest O.; Vejsureeyakul N.; Kunpittaya T.; Poolsri W.; Sungkaworn T.; Saeeng R.; Muanprasat C.; Asavapanumas N.; Saikachain N.; Mahidol University
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative disorders. Enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis is a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating mitochondrial damage. Piperine, a bioactive alkaloid from black pepper, the fruit of Piper nigrum L. in the family Piperaceae, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects against mitochondrial stress. However, its effects on mitochondrial health remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of piperine on mitochondrial dynamics in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Our findings suggest that piperine enhances mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) mRNA and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOM20) protein expression. Additionally, piperine improves Ca2+ transport within mitochondria and boosts mitochondrial metabolic activity without significantly altering mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, piperine prevents 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cellular stress by alleviating the activation of Homo sapiens heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5) and DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) mRNA expression and inhibiting the apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) to B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) pathway. Notably, this neuroprotective effect occurs independently of its antioxidative activity. Taken together, our results reveal a previously unexplored aspect of piperine's neuroprotective mechanism, highlighting its ability to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and prevent mitochondrial stress in neuronal cells. Further studies, including in vivo investigations and long-term assessments, are warranted to explore the therapeutic potential for mitochondrial dysfunction in the central nervous system.
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RNA aptamer-packaged virus-like particles for label-free, rapid, and on-site fluorescence detection of malachite green in aquatic products
(2025-11-15) Pan Y.C.; Chen Y.T.; Pang H.H.; Prayadrat C.; Huang S.C.; Yang H.W.; Pan Y.C.; Mahidol University
Malachite green (MG) is a banned antimicrobial dye widely used in aquaculture, whose persistence and toxicity pose serious risks to human health and the environment. Rapid, on-site detection of MG residues in aquatic products is essential for food safety surveillance. Here, we report a label-free fluorescence biosensor based on RNA aptamer-packaged virus-like particles (RNAptMG@VLPs) for rapid and sensitive MG detection. This platform uniquely utilizes a scalable E. coli-based bioproduction system to encapsulate MG-specific RNA aptamers within bacteriophage Qβ VLPs, providing substantial protection against RNase A degradation and thermal stress. The resulting RNAptMG@VLPs were deposited onto 3 MM blotting paper to fabricate portable sensing papers, which are compatible with standard 96-well plates for convenient on-site analysis. Under optimized conditions, the sensing paper exhibited a strong linear response to MG across 0.1 ppb to 10,000 ppb, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.087 ppb and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.29 ppb, surpassing regulatory thresholds set by China (1 ppb) and the European Food Safety Authority (2 ppb). These results underscore the promise of RNAptMG@VLPs sensing paper as a practical tool for rapid, field-deployable MG screening in food safety monitoring.
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Generation of two isogenic-corrected control cell lines (IRMBi001-A-1; IRMBi001-A-2) from Autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease patient-derived iPSCs carrying a G217D mutation in presenilin 1 gene
(2025-09-01) Clua Provost C.; Greetham L.; Monzo C.; Monteil A.; Rovelet-Lecrux A.; Lehmann S.; Wallon D.; Garcia V.; Hirbec H.; Nivet E.; Crozet C.; Clua Provost C.; Mahidol University
Mutations in the preselinin1 (PSEN1) gene are responsible for rare autosomic dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD). We generated isogenic control cell lines from iPS cell line derived from ADAD patient carrying a G217D mutation in PSEN1 gene, with CRISPR Cas9 technology. The edited cell lines present the correction of the c.650G > A mutation, no chromosomal abnormalities and no evidence of off-target event. The IRMBi001-A-1 and IRMBi001-A-2 cell lines exhibit pluripotency markers expression and the ability to differentiate into the three germ layers. These two isogenic controls will be used as control to study the pathomechanistic of ADAD through various in vitro assays.